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Why We Need a Structured Abstract in Education Research

The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, School of Public Health, and Medical School of Harvard University, Department of Statistics, Science Center, 6th Floor, Room 604, Cambridge, MA 02138; mostell{at}fas.harvard.eduHe helped found the Harvard Department of Statistics and has addressed research issues in education, public policy, medicine, and health policy throughout his career

Bill Nave, Senior researcher

TERC, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140; bill_nave{at}terc.eduHis research interests include technology integration in schools as well as professional development and mentoring for math and science teachers

Edward J. Miech, Independent researcher

29 West Rock Avenue, New Haven, CT 06515; edmiech{at}cs.comHis research interests include the use of digital technology to focus on student work and to show how students learn over time

Background: Approximately 1,100 education journals collectively publish more than 20,000 education research articles each year. Under current practice, no systematic way exists to move the research findings from these studies into the hands of the millions of education practitioners and policymakers in the United States who might use them.

Purpose:To help disseminate education research findings, we propose that education journals consider adopting a structured abstract, a structural innovation that focuses on the format of the article itself. The structured abstract would replace the paragraph-style narrative summary—typically either an APA-style abstract or "editor’s introduction"—now present at the beginning of many articles.

Intervention: A structured abstract is a formal and compact summary of an article’s main features and findings. As does a table or figure, it has a predictable structure that compresses information into a small space and can be read independent of the main body of the article. The structured abstract is longer and more detailed than the standard paragraph-style narrative summary. On the printed page, the structured abstract appears between the title and the main body of the article. It includes basic items applying to all articles (i.e., background, purpose, research design, and conclusions) and several additional items that apply to some articles but not to others (i.e., setting, population, intervention, data collection and analysis, and findings).

Research Design:Analytic essay.

Conclusions:The structured abstract is a viable and useful innovation to help practitioners and policymakers systematically access, assess, and communicate education studies and research findings. Relative to current practice, the structured abstract provides a more robust vehicle for disseminating research through traditional routes as well as through new channels made possible by emerging technologies.

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				A. E. Kelly and R. K. Yin Strengthening Structured Abstracts for Education Research: The Need for Claim-Based Structured Abstracts Educational Researcher, April 1, 2007; 36(3): 133 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]